We identified a subject to be stable if change in the subject’s RMDQ score was equal to or less than the MDC of RMDQ, which is 4 points. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for assessment of test–retest reliability between the ODI-T scores obtained at baseline and at second visit on a sample which was considered to be stable. Internal consistency is considered acceptable when Cronbach’s alpha exceeds 0.70. For this purpose, the baseline ODI-T data was used. Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess internal consistency of the ODI-T. Reliability is a generic term used to indicate both the homogeneity (internal consistency) of a scale and the reproducibility (test–retest reliability) of scores. Reports were prepared at each stage covering the issues faced and how they were resolved. Respondent’s interpretation of items was investigated to evaluate whether the adapted version retained equivalence to the items of the English version. Upon completion of the questionnaire, cognitive debriefing was done individually. The mean age of these patients was 41.27 years (SD 9.8). The outcome of this stage was the pre-final version of the ODI-T.ĥ) Pilot testing: The pre-final version of the ODI-T was administered to 15 Tamil speaking patients with back pain for a minimum of 6 months. This was referred to as BT1 and BT2.Ĥ) Expert committee review: An expert committee comprised of the investigators and all four translators met to discuss issues of cultural adaptations and linguistic equivalence with the original English version of the ODI. This stage evolved two forward translations T1 and T2.Ģ) Synthesis: A synthesized version (T-12) was produced by combining both T1 and T2 after a reconciliation meeting between two translators and one of the authors (JV).ģ) Back Translation: The synthesized version (T-12) was translated back into English by two independent qualified translators to identify inconsistencies in the words and concepts of the synthesized version. The objectives of this study are to: 1) Carry out the translation and cross cultural adaptation of the ODI version 2.1 according to established guidelines into Tamil, and 2) Estimate the reliability and construct validity of the ODI-Tamil (ODI-T).įlow chart describing the development of Tamil version of ODI.ġ) Forward translation: Two professionally qualified translators who are bilingual in Tamil and English translated ODI from English to Tamil. No current validated Tamil version of the ODI has been published. Since the original English version of ODI is designed to cater to the needs of patients in corresponding countries and culture, it is not effective in assessment of pain and disability in LBP patients whose primary language is Tamil. Furthermore, Tamil speaking immigrants populate countries around the world. Tamil is a language that is spoken across the globe by over 76 million people and is an official language in India, Sri Lanka and Singapore. It has been translated in more than 10 different languages and all of them were found to be comparable with the original English version in terms of validity and reliability. The ODI has more than 200 citations in the science citation index.
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The Oswestry Disability index (ODI) is a valid and reliable self-reported measure widely used as a disease specific questionnaire to evaluate pain and disability resulting from LBP. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends the use of patient reported outcome measures (PRO) to capture patients’ own assessment of their pain and disability.
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To quantify patients’ self-assessment pain of their disability we need valid, reliable and responsive self-report measures. Measuring pain and disability are important to set goals, plan treatment and assess outcomes in LBP patients. More than 80-90% of the people who experience low back pain are expected to recover within 6 weeks. Estimates of lifetime incidence of low back pain range from 60 to 80%. Low back pain (LBP) is a common source of pain and disability and a major health problem across the globe.